ā | आ | A
1. A the second vowel of the alphabet corresponding to the a in far.
2. A ind. a particle of reminiscence, Pāṇ. i, 1, 14; Pat.
also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās | आस् |, q.v.], and of assent, L. [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās | आस् |), Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]
3. A m. N. of Śiva, L.
grandfather, L.
A f. N. of Lakṣmī, L.
4. ā/ | आ/ | (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram | आ-√ क्रम् | &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, RV. i, 10, 11 and v, 64, 5, a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam | गम् |, yā | या |, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā | दा |, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacCati | आ-गच्Cअति |, ‘he comes’; ā-datte | आ-दत्ते |, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, RV.
(with a preceding noun in the acc., as jo/śam | जो/शम् | or va/ram | व/रम् |) for, RV.
(with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, AitBr.
(with a preceding abl.) from, RV.; AV.
out of, from among (e.g. bahu/Bya ā/ | बहु/Bय आ/ |, ‘from among many’), RV.
towards (only in asma/d ā/ | अस्म/द् आ/ |, ‘towards us’), RV.
(with a following abl. cf. Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13 & 3, 10) up to, to, as far as, RV.; AV. &c.
from, RV. i, 30, 21
(with a preceding loc.) in, at, on RV.; AV. (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. tri/r ā/ diva/s | त्रि/र् आ/ दिव/स् |, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā/ vām i/ndrāgnī pa/niśWa ā/ | महिमा/ वाम् इ/न्द्राग्नी प/निश्Wअ आ/ |,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), RV.
(after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), RV., (after a verb), RV. v, 7, 7; KenaUp.
(as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, RV. x, 16, 11, or after both, RV. x, 92, 8] or, if there are more, after the last [RV. iv, 57, 1 and x, 75, 5]; see also ātaṣ ca | आतष् च | s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṛam | आ-मरऋअम् | or ā-maraṛāt | आ-मरऋआत् |, ‘till death’, Pañcat. (cf. ā-maraṛānta | आ-मरऋआन्त | &c.)
ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ | आ-गोपाला द्विजातयः |, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, MBh. ii, 531
ā-samudram | आ-समुद्रम् | or ā-samudrāt | आ-समुद्रात् |, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it)
ā-kumāram | आ-कुमारम् |, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), MBh. iii, 1403
ā-kumāram yaṣaḥ pāṛineḥ | आ-कुमारम् यषः पाऋइनेः |, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’
ā/ | आ/ | ājānu-bāhu | आजानु-बाहु | mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, R. i, 1, 12
ā/ | आ/ | (see also ākarṛa- | आकरृअ- | and ājanma- | आजन्म- |)
ā/ | आ/ | (cf. ā-jarasa/m | आ-जरस/म् |, ā-vyuśa/m | आ-व्युश/म् |, ā-saptama | आ-सप्तम |, otsūrya/m | ओत्सूर्य/म् |.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa | आ-कोप |] it implies diminution, Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18 Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piẏjara | आ-पिय़्जर | mfn. a little red, reddish, Ragh. xvi, 51
ā/ | आ/ | (see also ā-pakva | आ-पक्व |, ośṛa | ओशृअ |, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on Ragh. iii, 8) occasionally give to A in this application the meaning samantāt | समन्तात् |, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla | आ-नील |, ‘blue all round’.
2. A ind. a particle of reminiscence, Pāṇ. i, 1, 14; Pat.
also of compassion or pain [more correctly written 1. ās | आस् |, q.v.], and of assent, L. [This particle remains unaltered in orthography even before vowels (which causes it to be sometimes confounded with 1. ās | आस् |), Pāṇ. i, 1, 14.]
3. A m. N. of Śiva, L.
grandfather, L.
A f. N. of Lakṣmī, L.
4. ā/ | आ/ | (as a prefix to verbs, especially of motion, and their derivatives) near, near to, towards (see ā-√ kram | आ-√ क्रम् | &c.; in the Veda, of course, the prefix is separable from the verb; in a few cases, RV. i, 10, 11 and v, 64, 5, a verb in the imperative is to be supplied; with roots like gam | गम् |, yā | या |, and i, ‘to go’, and 1. dā | दा |, ‘to give’, it reverses the action; e.g. ā-gacCati | आ-गच्Cअति |, ‘he comes’; ā-datte | आ-दत्ते |, ‘he takes’). (As a prep. with a preceding acc.) near to, towards, to, RV.
(with a preceding noun in the acc., as jo/śam | जो/शम् | or va/ram | व/रम् |) for, RV.
(with a following acc.) up to … exclusively, AitBr.
(with a preceding abl.) from, RV.; AV.
out of, from among (e.g. bahu/Bya ā/ | बहु/Bय आ/ |, ‘from among many’), RV.
towards (only in asma/d ā/ | अस्म/द् आ/ |, ‘towards us’), RV.
(with a following abl. cf. Pāṇ. ii, 1, 13 & 3, 10) up to, to, as far as, RV.; AV. &c.
from, RV. i, 30, 21
(with a preceding loc.) in, at, on RV.; AV. (As an adv. after words expressing a number or degree) fully, really, indeed (e.g. tri/r ā/ diva/s | त्रि/र् आ/ दिव/स् |, ‘quite or fully three times a day’; mahimā/ vām i/ndrāgnī pa/niśWa ā/ | महिमा/ वाम् इ/न्द्राग्नी प/निश्Wअ आ/ |,, ‘your greatness, O Indra and Agni, is most praiseworthy indeed’, &c.), RV.
(after a subst. or adj.) ‘as, like’, (or it simply strengthens the sense of the preceding word), RV., (after a verb), RV. v, 7, 7; KenaUp.
(as a conjunctive particle) moreover, further, and (it is placed either between the two words connected [rarely after the second, RV. x, 16, 11, or after both, RV. x, 92, 8] or, if there are more, after the last [RV. iv, 57, 1 and x, 75, 5]; see also ātaṣ ca | आतष् च | s.v.) In classical Sanskṛt it may denote the limit ‘to’, ‘until’, ‘as far as’, ‘from’, either not including the object named or including it (sometimes with acc. or abl. or forming an adv.) e.g. ā-maraṛam | आ-मरऋअम् | or ā-maraṛāt | आ-मरऋआत् |, ‘till death’, Pañcat. (cf. ā-maraṛānta | आ-मरऋआन्त | &c.)
ā-gopālā dvijātayaḥ | आ-गोपाला द्विजातयः |, ‘the twice-born including the cowherds’, MBh. ii, 531
ā-samudram | आ-समुद्रम् | or ā-samudrāt | आ-समुद्रात् |, ‘as far as the ocean’ or ‘from the ocean’ (but not including it)
ā-kumāram | आ-कुमारम् |, ‘from a child’ or ‘from childhood’ or ‘to a child’ (cf. Lat. a puero), MBh. iii, 1403
ā-kumāram yaṣaḥ pāṛineḥ | आ-कुमारम् यषः पाऋइनेः |, ‘the fame of Pāṇini extends even to children’
ā/ | आ/ | ājānu-bāhu | आजानु-बाहु | mfn. ‘one whose arms reach down to the knees’, R. i, 1, 12
ā/ | आ/ | (see also ākarṛa- | आकरृअ- | and ājanma- | आजन्म- |)
ā/ | आ/ | (cf. ā-jarasa/m | आ-जरस/म् |, ā-vyuśa/m | आ-व्युश/म् |, ā-saptama | आ-सप्तम |, otsūrya/m | ओत्सूर्य/म् |.) Prefixed to adj. [rarely to subst.; cf. ā-kopa | आ-कोप |] it implies diminution, Pāṇ. ii, 2, 18 Comm. ‘a little’ e.g. ā-piẏjara | आ-पिय़्जर | mfn. a little red, reddish, Ragh. xvi, 51
ā/ | आ/ | (see also ā-pakva | आ-पक्व |, ośṛa | ओशृअ |, &c.) Some commentaries (e.g. Comm. on Ragh. iii, 8) occasionally give to A in this application the meaning samantāt | समन्तात् |, ‘all through, completely’, as ā-nīla | आ-नील |, ‘blue all round’.